/**
 * Durandal 2.1.0 Copyright (c) 2012 Blue Spire Consulting, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 * Available via the MIT license.
 * see: http://durandaljs.com or https://github.com/BlueSpire/Durandal for details.
 */
/**
 * This module is based on Backbone's core history support. It abstracts away the low level details of working with browser history and url changes in order to provide a solid foundation for a router.
 * @module history
 * @requires system
 * @requires jquery
 */
define(['durandal/system', 'jquery'], function (system, $) {
    // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space.
    var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g;

    // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes.
    var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g;

    // Cached regex for detecting MSIE.
    var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/;

    // Cached regex for removing a trailing slash.
    var trailingSlash = /\/$/;

    // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
    // a new one to the browser history.
    function updateHash(location, fragment, replace) {
        if (replace) {
            var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '');

            if (history.history.replaceState) {
                history.history.replaceState({}, document.title, href + '#' + fragment); // using history.replaceState instead of location.replace to work around chrom bug
            } else {
                location.replace(href + '#' + fragment);
            }
        } else {
            // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #.
            location.hash = '#' + fragment;
        }
    };

    /**
     * @class HistoryModule
     * @static
     */
    var history = {
        /**
         * The setTimeout interval used when the browser does not support hash change events.
         * @property {string} interval
         * @default 50
         */
        interval: 50,
        /**
         * Indicates whether or not the history module is actively tracking history.
         * @property {string} active
         */
        active: false
    };
    
    // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
        history.location = window.location;
        history.history = window.history;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to a bug in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
     * @method getHash
     * @param {string} [window] The optional window instance
     * @return {string} The hash.
     */
    history.getHash = function(window) {
        var match = (window || history).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
        return match ? match[1] : '';
    };
    
    /**
     * Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL, the hash, or the override.
     * @method getFragment
     * @param {string} fragment The fragment.
     * @param {boolean} forcePushState Should we force push state?
     * @return {string} he fragment.
     */
    history.getFragment = function(fragment, forcePushState) {
        if (fragment == null) {
            if (history._hasPushState || !history._wantsHashChange || forcePushState) {
                fragment = history.location.pathname + history.location.search;
                var root = history.root.replace(trailingSlash, '');
                if (!fragment.indexOf(root)) {
                    fragment = fragment.substr(root.length);
                }
            } else {
                fragment = history.getHash();
            }
        }
        
        return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
    };

    /**
     * Activate the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
     * @method activate
     * @param {HistoryOptions} options.
     * @return {boolean|undefined} Returns true/false from loading the url unless the silent option was selected.
     */
    history.activate = function(options) {
        if (history.active) {
            system.error("History has already been activated.");
        }

        history.active = true;

        // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
        // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
        history.options = system.extend({}, { root: '/' }, history.options, options);
        history.root = history.options.root;
        history._wantsHashChange = history.options.hashChange !== false;
        history._wantsPushState = !!history.options.pushState;
        history._hasPushState = !!(history.options.pushState && history.history && history.history.pushState);

        var fragment = history.getFragment();
        var docMode = document.documentMode;
        var oldIE = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7));

        // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash.
        history.root = ('/' + history.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/');

        if (oldIE && history._wantsHashChange) {
            history.iframe = $('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1" />').hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow;
            history.navigate(fragment, false);
        }

        // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
        // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
        if (history._hasPushState) {
            $(window).on('popstate', history.checkUrl);
        } else if (history._wantsHashChange && ('onhashchange' in window) && !oldIE) {
            $(window).on('hashchange', history.checkUrl);
        } else if (history._wantsHashChange) {
            history._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(history.checkUrl, history.interval);
        }

        // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link
        // opened by a non-pushState browser.
        history.fragment = fragment;
        var loc = history.location;
        var atRoot = loc.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/') === history.root;

        // Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are requested.
        if (history._wantsHashChange && history._wantsPushState) {
            // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled
            // browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
            if (!history._hasPushState && !atRoot) {
                history.fragment = history.getFragment(null, true);
                history.location.replace(history.root + history.location.search + '#' + history.fragment);
                // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
                return true;

            // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
            // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
            } else if (history._hasPushState && atRoot && loc.hash) {
                this.fragment = history.getHash().replace(routeStripper, '');
                this.history.replaceState({}, document.title, history.root + history.fragment + loc.search);
            }
        }

        if (!history.options.silent) {
            return history.loadUrl(options.startRoute);
        }
    };

    /**
     * Disable history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app, but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
     * @method deactivate
     */
    history.deactivate = function() {
        $(window).off('popstate', history.checkUrl).off('hashchange', history.checkUrl);
        clearInterval(history._checkUrlInterval);
        history.active = false;
    };

    /**
     * Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has, calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
     * @method checkUrl
     * @return {boolean} Returns true/false from loading the url.
     */
    history.checkUrl = function() {
        var current = history.getFragment();
        if (current === history.fragment && history.iframe) {
            current = history.getFragment(history.getHash(history.iframe));
        }

        if (current === history.fragment) {
            return false;
        }

        if (history.iframe) {
            history.navigate(current, false);
        }
        
        history.loadUrl();
    };
    
    /**
     * Attempts to load the current URL fragment. A pass-through to options.routeHandler.
     * @method loadUrl
     * @return {boolean} Returns true/false from the route handler.
     */
    history.loadUrl = function(fragmentOverride) {
        var fragment = history.fragment = history.getFragment(fragmentOverride);

        return history.options.routeHandler ?
            history.options.routeHandler(fragment) :
            false;
    };

    /**
     * Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
     * 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
     * the fragment in advance.
     * The options object can contain `trigger: false` if you wish to not have the
     * route callback be fired, or `replace: true`, if
     * you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
     * @method navigate
     * @param {string} fragment The url fragment to navigate to.
     * @param {object|boolean} options An options object with optional trigger and replace flags. You can also pass a boolean directly to set the trigger option. Trigger is `true` by default.
     * @return {boolean} Returns true/false from loading the url.
     */
    history.navigate = function(fragment, options) {
        if (!history.active) {
            return false;
        }

        if(options === undefined) {
            options = {
                trigger: true
            };
        }else if(system.isBoolean(options)) {
            options = {
                trigger: options
            };
        }

        fragment = history.getFragment(fragment || '');

        if (history.fragment === fragment) {
            return;
        }

        history.fragment = fragment;

        var url = history.root + fragment;

        // Don't include a trailing slash on the root.
        if(fragment === '' && url !== '/') {
            url = url.slice(0, -1);
        }

        // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
        if (history._hasPushState) {
            history.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url);

            // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
            // fragment to store history.
        } else if (history._wantsHashChange) {
            updateHash(history.location, fragment, options.replace);
            
            if (history.iframe && (fragment !== history.getFragment(history.getHash(history.iframe)))) {
                // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
                // history entry on hash-tag change.  When replace is true, we don't
                // want history.
                if (!options.replace) {
                    history.iframe.document.open().close();
                }
                
                updateHash(history.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace);
            }

            // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
            // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
        } else {
            return history.location.assign(url);
        }

        if (options.trigger) {
            return history.loadUrl(fragment);
        }
    };

    /**
     * Navigates back in the browser history.
     * @method navigateBack
     */
    history.navigateBack = function() {
        history.history.back();
    };

    /**
     * @class HistoryOptions
     * @static
     */

    /**
     * The function that will be called back when the fragment changes.
     * @property {function} routeHandler
     */

    /**
     * The url root used to extract the fragment when using push state.
     * @property {string} root
     */

    /**
     * Use hash change when present.
     * @property {boolean} hashChange
     * @default true
     */

    /**
     * Use push state when present.
     * @property {boolean} pushState
     * @default false
     */

    /**
     * Prevents loading of the current url when activating history.
     * @property {boolean} silent
     * @default false
     */

    return history;
});